| Kirillov (English) Кириллов (Russian) |
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Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery seen from Lake Siverskoye |
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Location of Vologda Oblast in Russia |
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Kirillov
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| Administrative status (as of June 2011) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Vologda Oblast |
| Administrative district | Kirillovsky District[1] |
| Administrative center of | Kirillovsky District[1] |
| Municipal status (as of July 2010) | |
| Municipal district | Kirillovsky Municipal District[2] |
| Urban settlement | Kirillovskoye Urban Settlement[2] |
| Administrative center of | Kirillovsky Municipal District, Kirillovskoye Urban Settlement[2] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) |
7,735 inhabitants[3] |
| Population (2002 Census) | 8,229 inhabitants[4] |
| Time zone | MSD (UTC+04:00)[5] |
| Town status since | 1776[6] |
Kirillov (Russian: Кири́ллов) is a town and the administrative center of Kirillovsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia,[1] located on the shores of Lakes Siverskoye and Dolgoye 100 kilometers (62 mi) northeast of Cherepovets. Municipally, it is incorporated as Kirillovskoe Urban Settlement in Kirillovsky Municipal District.[2] Population: 7,735 (2010 Census preliminary results);[3] 8,229 (2002 Census);[4] 8,817 (1989 Census).[7]
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In the 13th century, the area was part of the Principality of Beloozero, and in the 14th century, together with the principality, entered the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In 1397, St. Cyril of White Lake, a monk and a disciple of St. Sergius of Radonezh, founded the Kirillo-Belozersky monastery on the shore of Lake Siverskoye. The town of Kirillov eventually developed as the as a monastic sloboda. The monastery was subordinate to Archbishops of Rostov. In the 15th and the 16th century, Kirillo-Belozersky monastery developed into one of the most influential monasteries in Russia. It also helped that the Sheksna River was one of the most heavily used waterways connecting central and northern Russia. At some point, it was the second biggest landowner after the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius. Vasili III of Russia, the Grand Prince of Moscow, and Ivan the Terrible, the Tsar, visited the monastery on several occasions.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate split off. The area became part of Charondsky Uyezd of Belozersk Oblast of Novgorod Governorate. In 1776, the area was transferred to Novgorod Viceroyalty. Simultaneously, Kirillov was chartered and became the administrative center of Kirillovsky Uyezd. In 1796, the viceroyalty was abolished, and the area was transferred to Novgorod Governorate. Kirillovsky Uyezd was abolished as well, however, it was reestablished in 1802.
In June 1918, five uyezds of Novgorod Governorate, including Kirillovsky Uyezd, were split off to form Cherepovets Governorate, with the administrative center in Cherepovets. On August 1, 1927 Cherepovets Governorate was abolished, and its area became Cherepovets Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. Simultaneously, uyezds were abolished, and Kirillovsky District was established. On September 23, 1937 Kirillovsky District was transferred to newly established Vologda Oblast.[8]
There are enterprises of timber industry and food industry.[6]
Kirillov is connected by all-seasonal roads with Vologda, Cherepovets, Belozersk, and Vytegra. There are also local roads.
The Volga–Baltic Waterway (formerly known as the Mariinsk Canal System), connecting the Rybinsk Reservoir in the river basin of the Volga and Lake Onega in the river basin of the Neva, runs several kilometers from Kirillov, following the river course of the Sheksna.
In the southern part of the town, one of the locks of the Northern Dvina Canal is located, The canal connects Lake Kubenskoye, which belongs to the basin of the Northern Dvina River, and the Sheksna River, thus connecting the basins of the White Sea and the Volga. In 19th century, the canal was the main waterway connecting the Volga with the White Sea. However, in 1930s the White Sea – Baltic Canal was built, and the Northern Dvina Canal lost its significance. The canal is still in operation, serving cargo traffic and occasional cruise ships, which move from the Sheksna to Lake Kubenskoye.
The economy of Kirillov is mainly serving tourism. Kirillov was a tourist attraction since Soviet times.
The Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, located in the town, is a fortified ensemble built in the 15th and the 16th centuries. It also hosts the Kirillo-Belozersky Museum of History, Art, and Architecture,[9] an umbrella institution governing all museums of Kirillovsky District. The monastery has been designated as a cultural heritage monument of federal significance.[10] Kirillov also preserved the historical center, and the town hosts 77 cultural heritage monuments. This number includes both the buildings in and outside the monastery.
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